Bird Migration Links Between Kamchatka and Japan - Essential Data for Conservation 3-カムチャツカ半島と日本の間の鳥類の渡り解明 3

Authors著者名

Yuri Gerasimovユーリ ゲラシモフ1), Nickolay Gerasimovニコライ ゲラシモフ1), Kiyoaki Ozaki尾崎清明2), Vsevolod Voropanovブセボド ボロパノフ3)

Affiliations著者所属

  1. 1) Kamchatka Institute of Ecology Far－East Branch Russia Academy of Sciences
  2. 2) Bird Migration Research Center, Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
  3. 3) Kamchatka Hunting Management Service

Summary要約

The main works included migration studies, studies of breeding biology of birds, preparation of poster about banding and marking birds on East Asian-Australian Flyway and second issue of the collection articles book 「The biology and Conservation of the Birds of Kamchatka」. During spring migration studies on Khallaktyrskiy Beach more than 315,000 waterfowl were counted, including 124,959 Anatidae; 107,696 Auks; 53,429 Gulls; 16,427 Cormorants; 9,236 Loons and others. During banding work (July-September) in total 2344 birds of 45 species were ringed, including 1,538 birds of 43 species during Russian - Japanese expedition in August. In total more than 220 nests of 32 species of birds were found during breeding biology studies in May-July. All nests were described, standard measurements and photos of them were made when it was possible. Investigation about breeding ecology (songs activity, making nest, laying eggs, incubating period, hatching time and so on) and behavior were conducted. Transects counts of nesting birds were conducted in different areas and different types of habitats.

日本とカムチャツカの間を行き来する渡り鳥に関して、渡りや繁殖生態の研究を実施するとともに、その結果をまとめた「カムチャツカ鳥類の生態と保護－2」を出版した。また、標識調査の普及啓蒙のためにポスターを作成し、カムチャツカを含むロシアの極東地域の関係機関に送付した。

カラキティルスキー海岸の春期の渡り調査では、31万5千羽以上の水鳥をカウントした（内訳はカモ科124,959、ウミスズメ科107,696、カモメ科53,429、ウ科16,427、アビ科9,236など）。標識調査では7月から9月の間に、合計45種2,344羽が放鳥された。このうち1,538羽は8月に行われたロシアと日本との共同調査での成果である。

5月から7月の繁殖調査中に、32種220巣を発見し、それら全てに関して記載・測定をするとともに、可能なものでは写真記録も行った。繁殖生態に関しては、囀り・造巣・産卵・抱卵期間・孵化時期などの調査を実施した。繁殖鳥のセンサスをさまざまなタイプの環境でおこなった。

なお、プロ・ナトゥーラの助成によって出版した書籍とポスターは下記のものである。

The Biology and Conservation of the Birds of Kamchatka,2 （カムチャツカ鳥類の生態と保護－2）.2000.Kamchatka Institute of Ecology. Moscow.128pp.
内容：カムチャツカにおける渡り鳥の生息状況や保護に関する論文16編からなっている。このうち助成を受けた研究者自身のものが10編含まれている。
For what band birds？（鳥の足環はなんのため？）ポスター
内容：カムチャツカを含むロシア極東地域と日本を渡る鳥類の標識回収記録を呼びかける普及啓蒙用のポスター。

（推薦者：尾崎　清明　訳）

Destination of the projects

Destination of the Projects is getting essential biological information including banding data for conservation efforts for birds of Kamchatka which migrate to or through Japan.

Projects works had three main directions:

  1. Migration studies (April-May; August-September).
  2. Studies of breeding biology of passerine birds (May - July 2000).
  3. Preparation of publication of poster 《For what band birds ?》 and monographs 《The biology and Conservation of the Birds of Kamchatka, Issue 2.》

Site of the project

Kamchatka Peninsula, mainly central part.

Introduction

Kamchatka Peninsula has still remained almost non-development area with wild nature. Many peoples believe that unique nature of Kamchatka must be keeping non-development for the future. At present local government is at the crossroads. They have 2 main possibilities for future economic development of the Province. First way is development of mining industry, gas and oil exploring and extracting industry, timber-cutting industry and so on. Another way is use nature without development - mainly for different kind of tourism. One of the main tasks for ornithologists in Kamchatka is to show people national and international importance of Kamchatka for migratory birds through the publications and posters. To elucidate migration links between Kamchatka and Japan and other countries is extremely needed.

The project was focused on researches, which promote nature conservation via national and international recognition Kamchatka as important area for migratory birds: banding research, visible migration studies, breeding biology studies.

Materials and methods

Some field trips to Central Kamchatka and southwest coast of peninsula conducted to different part of peninsula during April - September 2000. The main investigated areas are showed in the Table 1.

Table 1. Time, areas and main purposes of field trips in 2000.

Table 1. Time, areas and main purposes of field trips in 2000.

The main methods of migration studies were:

  1. Visible migration studies:
  2. Passerine banding use of mistnets.

Direct count of flying and feeding birds was a main method during visible migration studies. Additionally all other materials were collected.

Spring count of migrating waterfowl was carried out on Khallaktyrskiy Beach (ocean coast near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) during 3-13 hours daily. The additional calculations were made for estimation of number of migrated birds. Total observation time was 202 hours.

Three-days observation of wader southward migration was conducted on Bolshoe Lake.

Passerine banding work were carried out in three points of Kamchatka:

  1. a) Avacha River near Elizovo Town (South-eastern Kamchatka 53°09'N; 158°24'E). Banding work was conducted in July - September 2000 by Nick Gerasimov (collaborator of this project) with assistants other peoples. Six nets were used.
  2. b) Upper part of Bystraya River (Central Kamchatka Valley 53°50'N; 157°42'E). Banding work was conducted 15-26 August by special banding expedition including 7 Japanese banders 43 nets were used.
  3. c) Plotnikova River (53°00'N; 157°20'E). Banding work was conducted 11-13 September. Twelve nets were used.

The main methods of breeding biology investigations were:

  • * Transect counts of birds for estimation of breeding density of birds in the different types of habitats: fixed width of count transect 100-500 m were used; total extend of counts was 75.5 km;
  • * Searching of nests of passerine birds; all nests were described, standard measurements and photos of them were made when it was possible; 220 nests of 31 species (excluding colonial species) were found.
  • * Studies of timing of breeding of passerine birds (sings songs activity, making nest, laying eggs, incubating period, hatching time and so on);
  • * Studies of behavior of birds during breeding period.

Results

Migration studies

a) Visible migration studies

Waterfowl spring migration studies were conducted from 22 April to 19 May on Khallaktyrskiy beach. In total about 316 thousand waterfowls were counted, including 9,236 Loons, 1,662 Grebes, 16,427 Cormorants, 124,959 Anatidae, 53,429 Gulls, 1572 Terns, 362 Skuas, 107,696 Auks, 57 Shearwaters and 183 Waders (Appendix 1).

From 6 to 8 August 2000 observation of southward migration of waders on Bolshoe Lake (52°30'N, 156° 30'E) was conducted. This Lake is included in the list of IBA and potential Ramsar Sites.

b) Banding use mistnets

During July - September 2000 in total 2,344 birds of 45 species were banded in Kamchatka Peninsula including 2,211 passerine birds of 31 species and (table 2).

From 15 until 26 August special international Japanese - Russian banding expedition was conducted in Central Kamchatka on the bank of Bystraya River. This place was chosen in 1997 and this year was a fours banding year for this point. In 2000 in total 2,003 birds of 42 species were caught on Bystraya River, 1,538 of them were banded (465 Willow Tits were not banded) (table 2).

Table 2. Number of banded birds on Kamchatka in 2000.

Table 2. Number of banded birds on Kamchatka in 2000.

We have compared quantity of the caught birds of various species in 1998, 1999 and 2000 for comparison of intensity of migration of birds in different time. We consider such comparison correct, as the duration of a banding and quantity of used mistnets was approximately identical during three years. Approximately the same number of birds was banded but the percentage ratio between different species has appeared various (Table 3: Fig. 1).

Table 3. Comparison of banding data on Bystraya River in 1998, 1999 and 2000.

Table 3. Comparison of banding data on Bystraya River in 1998, 1999 and 2000.

Fig.1. Comparison of banding data on Bystraya River in 1998 (5-16 Sep.), 1999 (26 Aug-4 Sep.) and 2000 (14-26 Aug).

Fig.1. Comparison of banding data on Bystraya River in 1998 (5-16 Sep.), 1999 (26 Aug-4 Sep.) and 2000 (14-26 Aug).

Fig.1. continued

Fig.1. continued

In 1998-2000, in total 11 foreign recoveries of birds banded in Kamchatka and 6 recoveries of birds banded abroad were received. All recovered birds belong to Reed Bunting (Table 4).

Table 4. Foreign recoveries of Passerine birds, which were received during 1998-2000.

Table 4. Foreign recoveries of Passerine birds, which were received during 1998-2000.

Studies of distribution, breeding density and breeding biology

During breeding biology researches we investigated birds, which inhabited Central Kamchatka . Main studied areas were:

  1. Khlamovitsky Reserve. We studied this area 23, 29 May, 6, 28, 30 June, 2-3 July.
  2. Pravaya Kamchatka River. We studied this area 31 May-1 June, 4-5, 12-13, 25-27 June. Except breeding biology studies, 11.2 km length count of breeding birds has conducted. Based of materials of this and last years researches, articles "Birds of Pravaya Kamchatka River" has prepared.
  3. Middle part of Kamchatka River. We studied this area 1-4 June, 14-21 June. More than 100 nests were found, 35.8 km length count of breeding birds was conducted in all main habitats. Based of materials of this and 1998 years researches, articles "Nesting birds of Kamchatka River" has prepared.
  4. Tolmachevskoe Lake and Pravaya Opala River. We studied this area 6-7 July. 12.6 km length count of breeding birds has conducted.
  5. Makovetskoe Lake. We studied this area 14-17 July. 15.9 km length count of breeding birds has conducted.

Additionally we investigated some areas near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. In total more than 220 nests of 31 species (additionally more than 100 last year nests) were found (not including colonial species, Corvus corone and Pica pica) measured and described during breeding season of 2000.

Publishing activity

Poster about banding of birds was prepared and printed (3,000 copies) in Moscow. It was prepared with the help of the ornithologists from the Russian Banding Center, Moscow State University and Geese and Swans Study Group of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Poster is dispatched in Far East and Eastern Siberia regions of Russia. The main purpose of preparation of it is to involve a public in work on protection and banding of birds. Poster contains the information on the main projects on a banding of birds, which are carried out on East Asian-Australian Flyway. It also contains the special request to all people to send the information on the banded and marked birds in the Russian Banding Center.

Second Book 《The biology and Conservation of the Birds of Kamchatka, Issue 2》 has published in Moscow. It includes 16 articles about current studies of birds of Kamchatka (Appendix). All ornithologists currently working on Kamchatka (Gerasimov N. N., Gerasimov Yu. N., Artukhin Yu. B., Vyatkin P. S. and Lobkov E.G.) and other researches which studied birds of Kamchatka in last years have represent them materials for this issue. Special reference to support of "Pro-Natura Fund" is contained in two papers of this book. Book was distributed for Russian ornithologists and also for ornithologists from Japan, USA, China, Taiwan, India, Shri-Lanka, Indonesia, Australia, Malaysia and Grate Britain. The information about this book included in "Oriental Birding List" and we continue to receive the requests for sending of this book to different countries.

List of articles prepared in this year, which base of materials, which were collected during carry out of the project:

  • Spring waterfowl migration on South-Eastern Kamchatka.
  • Birds of Pravaya Kamchatka River
  • Nesting birds of Kamchatka River

Acknowledgements

We wish to extend special thanks to all peoples who worked with us during carrying-out of this project. Ornithologist-photographer Eduard V. Malinovskiy was a participant of our expedition to Central Kamchatka and helped us with breeding biology studies. Researcher of Kamchatka Institute of Ecology Vladimir V. Savenkov and German ornithologist Falk Huttmann took part in expedition to Bolshoe Lake. Sergey Ignatyev, Kozlova Lida and Japanese ornithologists Yoshihiro Kurahashi, Norio Fukai, Jun Ueda Toshihiro Shimizu, Kiyoshi Iso and Takahito Yamamoto were the participants of banding expedition on Bystraya River.

Appendix

Appendix 1.

Table. Counted number of waterfowl species migrated along sea coast near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in spring 2000.

Table. Counted number of waterfowl species migrated along sea coast near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in spring 2000.

Figure. Number of migrated waterfowl species along Khallaktyrsky Beach (South-eastern Kamchatka) in April-May 2000.

Figure. Number of migrated waterfowl species along Khallaktyrsky Beach (South-eastern Kamchatka) in April-May 2000.

Figure. Continued

Figure. Continued

Figure. Continued

Figure. Continued

Appendix 2.

Table. Number of banded birds in Kamchatka, Russia (1966-1999)

Table. Number of banded birds in Kamchatka, Russia (1966-1999)

Appendix 3.

Table 1. Breeding density of birds of main types of habitat in Pravaya Kamchatka, Russia area.

Table 1. Breeding density of birds of main types of habitat in Pravaya Kamchatka, Russia area.

Table 2. Breeding density of birds of main types of habitat in Kamchatka River Valley.

Table 2. Breeding density of birds of main types of habitat in Kamchatka River Valley.

Table 3. Breeding density of birds of main types of habitat near Tolmachevskoe Lake.

Table 3. Breeding density of birds of main types of habitat near Tolmachevskoe Lake.

Table 4. Breeding density of birds in swampy tundra around Makovetskoe Lake.

Table 4. Breeding density of birds in swampy tundra around Makovetskoe Lake.

Appendix 4.

List of articles of the collecting articles book 《The Biology and Conservation of the Birds of Kamchatka. Issue 2》. Moscow 2000. 128pp.

  • Gerasimov N. N., Gerasimov Yu. N., Vyatkin P. S. Important Bird areas of Kamchatka.
  • Vyatkin P. S. Nest cadastre of colonial seabirds of the coasts of Koryak Highland and Eastern Kamchatka.
  • Dyakonov P. N. Birds of Kamchatka River Valley.
  • Artukhin Yu. B. On the breeding biology of the birds of Kamchatka.
  • Gerasimov Yu. N. Materials on biology of birds of the Icha River.
  • Gerasimov Yu. N., Ozaki K. Nasting birds of Anava Rive (Western Kamchatka).
  • Gerasimov Yu. N., Gerasimov N. N., Artukhin Yu. B., Macina A. I. Nasting birds of game refuge "Khlamovitskiy".
  • Ladygin A. V. Birds wintering on the Kamchatka's salmon spawning grounds: ecological strategies for existence.
  • Gerasimov Yu. N., Kalyagina E. E. The spring migration of gulls on the south-west of Kamchatka.
  • Gerasimov Yu. N. Observation of spring migration of birds on Kharchinskoe Lake (the Central Kamchatka).
  • Gerasimov Yu. N., Gerasimov N. N. Spring migration of Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris on Kamchatka.
  • Gerasimov Yu. N., Gerasimov N. N. Spring migration of Dunlin Calidris alpina on Kamchatka.
  • Artukhin Yu. B. Status of the Csssin's Auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus in the Russian Far East.
  • Gerasimov N. N., Gerasimov Yu. N. Pacific Brent Goose Branta bernicla nigricans in Kamchatka.
  • Gerasimov N. N. Kuril Mountain Finch Leucosticte arctoa brunneonucha (Brandt, 1984) in Kamchatka.
  • Artukhin Yu. B., Burkanov V. N., Zaochny A. N., Nikulin V. S. Mortality of seabirds in the Japanese driftnet salmon fishery in the Bering Sea,1993-1999.